Symposium on Salt
Cleveland, Ohio
May 1962
These papers that were presented at the “Symposium on Salt” sponsored by the Northern Ohio Geological Society at its May, 1962, meeting held in Cleveland, Ohio. The subject of this symposium was particularly timely in view of the significant recent advances that have been directed not only at developing and characterizing new processes, but also at a fundamental understanding of salt and salt deposits. This was the first symposium on salt every held within the United States of America and differed markedly from other meetings in that it extended beyond the industrial and commercial areas. Five major areas of salt technology were embraced – geology of evaporates, mining, evaporated salt, solution mining, and under ground storage. For the above reasons, this symposium developed into one of national interest and scope, and was attended by over 380 geologists, miners, briners, and other technical personnel, from 28 states, Mexico, England and four Provinces of Canada.
We thank NOGS, the editors -- A.C. Bersticker, K.E. Hoekstra and J.F. Hall -- and the other members of the Publication’s Committee, Mr. D.R. Richner, Dr. J.A. Cain and Mr. T.H. Hawisher, for their enormous and successful efforts. Special appreciation, as well, is due the Ferro Corporation, Diamond Alkali Company, Western Reserve University, and Kent State University for their support in all phases of this work.
Table of Contents
SECTION I – GEOLOGY
Origin of Salt Deposits by K.K. Landes
Silurian Salt of New York State by Wm. Lynn Kreidler
Stratigraphy of Cayugan Series in Northwestern Pennsylvania by Addison S. Cate
Distribution of Salt in Ohio by John F. Hall
Evaporate Facies in Northwestern Ohio by F. G. Stehli, J.N. Namy and M.D. Aten
Clay Mineral Composition of the Evaporite Sequences by J. Droste
Deposition of Evaporites in the Michigan Basin by L.I. Briggs (Abstract only)
Clay Mineralogy of the Salina Formation, Detroit, Michigan by R. W. Lounsbury
Effects of Solution of Bedrock Salt in the Earth’s Crust by Kenneth K. Landes
Environment and Mechanics of Deposition of the Permian Hutchinson Salt Member of the Wellington Shale by L. F. Dellwig
Chemistry of Brine Inclusions in Permian Salt from Hutchinson, Kansas by W.T. Holser
Fossil Content of Salt and Association Evaporites by Paul Tasch
Geology of Gulf Coast Salt Domes by G.E. Murray (Abstract only)
Structure of Salt in Gulf Coast Domes by D.H. Kupfer
Permian Salt Deposits of West Texas and Eastern New Mexico by John Emery Adams
Salt Anticlines of the Paradox Basin, Colorado and Utah by D.P. Elston and E.M. Shoemaker
Salt Deposits of the Williston Basin – United States Portion by H.E. Reed
Virgin Valley Salt Deposits, Clark County, Nevada by L.E. Mannion
Eocene Salt in the Green River Basin, Wyoming by D.L. Deardorff
Salt Deposits in Desert Basins of the Western United States by W. Smith (Abstract only)
Salt Deposits in Canada by W.J. Pearson
Geochemistry of Bromine in Some Salt Rocks of the Prairie Evaporite Formation of Saskatchewan by W. Schwerdtner and N.S. Wardlaw
Analysis of Small Amounts of Bromides in Presence of Large Amounts Of Chlorides by W. Schwerdtner
Petrofabric Analyses of Some Anhydrite Rocks by W. Schwerdtner
Salt Deposits of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec by Manuel Castillon and J.P. Larios
World Salt Resources by S.J. Lefond (Abstract only)
Some Early Geological and Production Problems in the Industry Beginning 100 Years Ago by Paul Weaver
SECTION II – MINING, EVAPORATED SALT
Use of Protective Coating in Salt Mine and Plant by Kenneth Tator
Field Application of Protective Coating Systems by Charles M. Simpson
Materials of Construction for Salt Mine and Plant by W.Z. Friend
Corrosion-Resistant Aluminum for the Salt Industry by Thomas A. Lowe
Underground Electrical Distribution at Morton’s Fairport Mine by Fred Geisheimer
Rotary Drilling of Large Diameter Vertical Holes by J.W. Bawcom
Development of Continuous Boring Machines for Salt and Potash Underground Mining by C.E. McWhorter
Koepe Versus Drum Hoisting by James R. Gronseth
Exploration by Horizontal Drilling at Avery Island, Louisiana by Wm. Walden and C.H. Jacoby
Electrical Resistivity Surveys in Salt Mines by LeRoy Scharon
Dome Mining: Floor vs. Roof Extraction by Nicholas J. Nicola
Bagging Salt at the Fairport Mine by Robert R. Ryland (Abstract only)
Compaction of Fine Salts and Chemicals by G.J. Jennrich (Abstract only)
Developing Ammonium Nitrate-Fuel Oil Blasting at International Salt Company by L.P. Bush
Ammonium Nitrate and its Application Underground by R.H. Hopler and R. J. Shiel
Storage of Radioactive Waste in Mine Cavities by E. G. Struxness (Abstract only)
Storage Operations in a Salt Mine by J.H. Schul
The International Recrystallizer Process by Laurence J. Theilgard
Fluidized Drying and Cooling of Granulated Salt by P.V. Imes and C.W. Jobes
Automation of Vacuum Pans and Filters by E.H. Atkins
Compaction and Flow of Evaporated Salt from Bins and Hoppers by B.F. Dentel
Washing of Strip-Mined Rock and Solar Salt by A. Woodhill
SECTION III - - SOLUTION MINING, UNDERGROUND STORAGE
Significant Uncertainties in Current Salt Solution Extraction Operations by C.A. Bays
Dow Canada Brine Field at Sarnia, Ontario by J.F. Gilbert
The Canadian Brine Limited Brine Field at Windsor, Ontario by J.D. Mair
International Salt Brine Field at Watkins Glen, New York by Charles H. Jacoby
Offset Brine Wells by Directional Drilling by G.B. French
Salt Solution Mining by Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company at Natrium, W. VA by C.A. Giese
Diamond Alkali Brine Field at Mont Belvieu, Texas by M.L. Moore
Sonar Measurements of Brine Cavity Shapes by A.J. Myers
Well Construction; Possible Causes of Failure and Remedial Measures by J.K. Henderson
Cathodic Protection of Well Casing by Y.W. Titterington (Abstract only)
Use of Salt Solution Cavities for Underground Storage by C.A. Bays
Ethylene Storage Near Midland, Michigan by C.W. Querio and R.R. Hultin
Southeastern Michigan Gas Company’s High Pressure Gas Holder in a Salt Strata by T.B. Vance
Storage of High Pressure Natural Gas in Underground Salt or Rock Caverns by H.L. Gentry
Operation and Maintenance of Underground Storage by S.G. Branyan
Salt Cavern Storage of LPG at Lowell, Michigan, and Hutchinson, Kansas by Richard D. Crow
Solution Cavern LPG Storage – Instrumentation for Remote Operation and Supervision by S. Kurtis
Design Development of Underground Storage Caverns at Texas Eastern’s Mont Belvieu, Texas, Terminal by D.J. Cozad
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